Table of contents:
- Transmission factors
- Clinical picture
- Diagnostic activities
- The danger of toxoplasmosis when carrying a child
- Healing activities
Video: Analysis For Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy: How To Take, Decoding
2024 Author: Riley Dean | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 02:21
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by toxoplasma. It poses the greatest danger to women during the period of bearing a child, because there is a danger not only for the mother, but also for the fetus. Toxoplasmosis belongs to the group of TORCH infections, which have the ability to become active when the body's defenses are weakened. Therefore, it is important to know which test for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy will be the most accurate.
Content
- 1 Transfer factors
- 2 Clinical picture
- 3 Activities aimed at diagnostics
- 4 The danger of toxoplasmosis when carrying a child
- 5 Treatment measures
Transmission factors
There is a fairly widespread opinion among the population that cats are considered a carrier of the causative agent of the disease, but this is not entirely true - other animals can also carry diseases.
Infection can occur as a result of eating foods prepared from meat that have not been properly cooked, as well as through vegetables and fruits that have been contaminated with the feces of infected animals.
Not enough frequent hand washing plays a significant role. Also, infection occurs through the transplacental route from woman to fetus or through blood transfusion.
Clinical picture
The disease is especially dangerous because it can proceed without any symptoms. Acute course occurs in persons with a reduced level of body resistance.
When parasites enter the body, almost all organs and systems of the body are damaged. The manifestations of the disease can be very diverse, depending on the organ that has become the "target".
The main symptoms that appear with this disease while carrying a child include the following:
- increased body temperature;
- weakness and drowsiness;
- headache,
- sleep disorders;
- yellow color of the skin and mucous membranes;
- rash;
- enlargement of the liver and spleen;
- eye diseases;
- pneumonia;
- violation of the functioning of the central nervous system;
- memory impairment.
In the acute stage, toxoplasmosis poses a considerable danger to human life, but if it is diagnosed and treated in time, an infected person can recover.
Diagnostic activities
Diagnostics is carried out on the basis of the clinical picture and laboratory research methods. In this case, the main methods are considered serological. Tests for toxoplasmosis in pregnant women can be performed, such as:
- Indirect immunofluorescence reaction. You can take an analysis for toxoplasmosis from the first seven days of the disease. The most reliable results will be observed if the disease is present for two or four years.
- Complement binding reaction. It will be effective if there are parasites in the body for two weeks.
Its indicators are reliable for two, four months of the existence of the disease. In the future, the results may become negative or weakly positive, which makes it difficult to diagnose and make a correct diagnosis.
- Linked immunosorbent assay. This blood test for toxoplasmosis is considered the most reliable. Decoding the analysis allows you to determine the presence of immunoglobulins IgM and IgG in the body. It is due to this feature that it is possible to determine and compare all forms of toxoplasmosis.
- Allergic skin test using toxoplasmin. Positive results after it can be observed as early as four or six weeks after infection. A positive result is considered:
- an increase in papules in size;
- redness and pain in the area of the sample;
- an increase in the size of the lymph nodes.
General blood analysis. During it, a decrease in the number of leukocytes will be observed
Blood donation for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy should be carried out in the morning and on an empty stomach.
Instrumental methods can also be assigned additionally.
- X-ray. On x-rays, calcifications can be observed in the brain and sometimes in the muscles of the fetus.
- Study of the state of the fundus. When examining the fundus of the eyeball, areas of scarring may be observed. They are the evidence of the presence of a disease such as chorioretinitis.
- Study of biopsy material of lymph nodes. This method allows for differential diagnosis of toxoplasmosis with other diseases.
Ultrasound can also be performed to determine if the fetus is infected. In case of infection, there will be an increase in the liver and spleen, expansion of the ventricles of the brain.
The most dangerous for a pregnant woman and her unborn child is considered to be infection that occurred for the first time. If the penetration of parasites into the woman's body occurred even before pregnancy, then IgG antibodies are present in it. The risk of complications in this case is insignificant.
The danger of toxoplasmosis when carrying a child
If Toxoplasma gets into the body of a pregnant woman, they can also penetrate the fetus with the help of the bloodstream. Such infection can lead to:
- spontaneous miscarriage;
- childbirth that begins earlier than the specified time;
- the birth of an infected child;
- fetal death.
According to the conducted studies, it was concluded that almost 40% of children born to infected women had congenital toxoplasmosis.
As for the infection and the frequency of transmission of the disease to the child, the following features are distinguished.
- In the case of penetration of the pathogen into a woman's body in the first two trimesters of pregnancy, fetal infection is less common than at longer periods. But at the same time, the child's symptoms will be more severe.
- When infected in the third trimester of pregnancy, infection of the fetus can occur in 90% of cases, but the disease proceeds practically without any pathological manifestations.
- If the infection occurred long before the onset of pregnancy (at least six months), the infection penetrates to the child only in rare cases.
Healing activities
As for drug treatment, it is possible only after 12, 16 weeks of pregnancy. This is due to the fact that such drugs cause considerable toxic effects on the fetus.
Note! In no case should you start self-medication, because there are cases when toxoplasmosis may not require therapy. This nuance concerns toxoplasmosis in the latent stage, especially if there are no clinical manifestations, as well as when an analysis is taken and a positive result of serological reactions is obtained.
When carrying out such treatment, Pyrimethamine or Spiramycin are prescribed, drugs of the sulfanilamide group in combination with folic acid. Perhaps the appointment of drugs of the macrolide group.
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