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Video: Toxoplasmosis - Treatment In Humans With Drugs And Medicines
2024 Author: Riley Dean | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 02:21
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1 Drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis
- 1.1 Fansidar
- 1.2 Rovamycin
- 1.3 Co-trimoxazole
- 1.4 Amikacin
- 1.5 Metronidazole
Treatment of such a parasitic disease as toxoplasmosis is carried out by a specialist only after confirmation of the disease with the help of laboratory tests. The therapy of this disease is carried out with the help of various antibacterial, antiprotozoal and anti-inflammatory drugs. However, today it is known that not all drugs for toxoplasmosis are equally effective. In our article, we will describe the most effective drugs for toxoplasmosis.
Drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis
As a rule, any drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis are prescribed for the following indications:
- Various forms of acute toxoplasmosis. Treatment is necessary to protect against the onset of chronic toxoplasmosis of the manifest type. This only applies to patients with normal immunity. Also, such treatment is required to protect against parasitic sepsis in persons with AIDS. Mandatory treatment of acute toxoplasmosis is carried out in pregnant women to protect the fetus from congenital forms of this infection.
- In addition, it is necessary to treat chronic toxoplasmosis during periods of exacerbation. This will help to avoid the appearance of delayed type hypersensitivity and the formation of a Th1 immune response.
- If a person has chronic toxoplasmosis, treatment with drugs for the disease in remission is carried out if the patient has chorioretinitis, infertility or against the background of miscarriage.
It is also worth noting that some drugs are mistakenly considered effective for toxoplasmosis. These drugs, first of all, include Wilprafen based on josamycin. The following remedies are also completely ineffective for toxoplasmosis:
- Ciprolet based on ciprofloxacin. This antibacterial agent is not suitable for killing protozoal infections;
- Ceftriaxone is also designed to fight pathogenic bacteria;
- Nemozole based on albendazole is an antihelminthic and antiprotozoal agent, but from protozoal infections it is active only against lamblia, but not toxoplasma;
- the same can be said about mebendazole-based Vermox;
- Cycloferon is an interferon inducer (to date, there is no evidence of its effectiveness in the treatment of toxoplasmosis).
Fansidar
This effective remedy for Toxoplasma is made on the basis of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine. This medication blocks the synthesis of folic acid in parasites. Fansidar is effective against all Plasmodia that can be found in humans. This medication is prescribed to treat:
- malaria;
- toxoplasmosis;
- pneumonia, provoked by pneumocystis.
The tablet is taken after meals. For the treatment of toxoplasmosis in adults, 2 pills are prescribed once a week. The therapy is continued for six weeks. Contraindications include:
- children's age up to two years;
- hypersensitivity;
- lactation;
- women of reproductive age are prescribed only if contraceptive measures are used;
- insufficiency of the bone marrow, kidneys or liver.
Adverse reactions include lethargy, general weakness, allergies, nausea, heaviness in the stomach, cough, fever, depression, shortness of breath and nervousness.
Rovamycin
The active substance of this drug is spiramycin. This macrolide antibiotic has a bacteriostatic effect. It is prescribed for diseases of the respiratory system, ENT organs, skin and genitourinary infections, as well as for diseases that are sexually transmitted:
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- toxoplasmosis;
- chlamydia;
- gonorrhea;
- syphilis.
For the treatment of an acute illness in an adult, the medication is prescribed three times or twice a day at a dose of 3 million IU. The therapy is continued for five days. For the treatment of children, the dose is calculated from the weight: 150 thousand IU per kg. The resulting daily rate is divided into several doses.
Among the contraindications are the following:
- do not appoint for intolerance to spiramycin and its derivatives;
- severe liver pathologies;
- breast-feeding.
Among the undesirable effects that appear during treatment, it is worth mentioning the following: vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, allergies, pseudomembranous colitis, anemia, phlebitis.
Co-trimoxazole
This medicine has two active components at once: trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. This antiprotozoal and antibacterial drug has a broad spectrum of activity. The active ingredients of the drug inhibit the cellular metabolism of protozoa and bacteria. The medicine is prescribed for various bacterial and protozoal diseases, including those provoked by toxoplasma.
The tablets are taken orally. It is necessary to observe the 12-hour interval between doses. The dosage is determined by a specialist individually, depending on the age category and the severity of the disease. Usually they adhere to the following treatment regimen:
- babies 2-6 months are prescribed ¼ tablets;
- from six months to five years - half a pill;
- children from six to 12 years old - one tablet;
- for the treatment of children from 12 years old and the adult population, two tablets are used.
The duration of therapy is from five days to a week. If longer treatment is required, then adults are recommended to use a halved dose from the seventh day.
Contraindications:
- pregnancy;
- hypersensitivity;
- lactation;
- severe pathologies of liver activity;
- renal failure;
- pathology of hematopoiesis;
- the first two months of life;
- insufficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Adverse reactions: vomiting, decreased appetite, hepatitis, glossitis, pancreatitis, pseudomembranous colitis, leukopenia, stomatitis, eosinophilia, anemia, agranulocytosis, nephritis, crystalluria, allergic reactions, etc.
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Amikacin
It is the most active aminoglycoside antibiotic. The medication is prescribed for infectious diseases of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, subcutaneous tissue, urinary tract. It is also used to treat neonatal sepsis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, and meningitis.
The medicine is administered intramuscularly or by jet. The dose is calculated taking into account that you need to take 10 mg of the drug per kilogram of weight. The daily rate is divided into several doses. This dosage is followed for moderate infections. For the treatment of premature babies and newborns, this dosage is observed only at the first administration. Subsequently, the dose is reduced to 7.5 milligrams per kg. When administered intravenously, the duration of therapy is 3-7 days. Intramuscular injections are made for 7-10 days.
Contraindications:
- neuritis of the auditory nerve;
- disruption of the kidneys and liver;
- renal uremia;
- pregnancy;
- hypersensitivity.
Side effect: nephrotic or ototoxic effect.
Metronidazole
Another fairly effective drug for toxoplasma is Metronidazole. The active ingredient has the same name as the drug. It is an antimicrobial and antiprotozoal agent. The medication is prescribed for pathologies provoked by lamblia, amoeba, toxoplasma, Trichomonas and some pathogenic bacteria.
For the treatment of protozoal infections, adults are prescribed 500 milligrams of the drug twice a day. The therapy continues for up to seven days. For the treatment of children, the following dosage is adhered to:
- babies up to a year - 125 milligrams per day;
- children from two to 4 years old are prescribed 250 mg;
- from five to eight years - take 375 mg;
- from the age of eight, take the adult dosage (500 mg).
The duration of treatment for children is usually no more than five days. A repeated course can be completed in 15 days. Metronidazole is contraindicated in the following diseases and conditions:
- first trimester of pregnancy;
- leukopenia;
- hypersensitivity;
- lesions of the central nervous system;
- liver failure;
- lactation.
Side effects: nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, intestinal colic, metallic taste, stomatitis, glossitis, pancreatitis, weakness, insomnia, irritability, headache, depression, urticaria, rash, fever, etc.
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