Thyroid Analysis - Analysis For Thyroid Hormones TSH, TK, T4

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Thyroid Analysis - Analysis For Thyroid Hormones TSH, TK, T4
Thyroid Analysis - Analysis For Thyroid Hormones TSH, TK, T4

Video: Thyroid Analysis - Analysis For Thyroid Hormones TSH, TK, T4

Video: Thyroid Analysis - Analysis For Thyroid Hormones TSH, TK, T4
Video: Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Function Tests 2024, March
Anonim

Last updated 10 August 2017 at 12:30

Reading time: 7 minutes

One of the organs of the endocrine system that cannot be underestimated is the thyroid gland (thyroid gland). It is located under the larynx, plays an important role for the normal life of a person. To monitor the state of the organ, a hormonal analysis of the thyroid gland is prescribed.

It consists of three parts of iron, and produces important iodine-containing hormones. Among the functions of this body are:

  1. support of metabolic exchange, control of all internal metabolic reactions;
  2. regulation of body temperature;
  3. control and normalization of bone density;
  4. ensuring healthy development of the central nervous system.

Content

  • 1 Physiology of the thyroid gland
  • 2 The size of the thyroid gland is normal
  • 3 Organ structure
  • 4 Abnormalities of the thyroid gland, their causes
  • 5 Indications for examination
  • 6 Hormones types, norms of indicators for the thyroid gland
  • 7 Thyroid hormones
  • 8 Thyroid stimulating hormone
  • 9 Antibodies
  • 10 Preparation for the examination
  • 11 Diagnostic results
  • 12 Additional types of diagnostics

    12.1 Similar articles

Thyroid Physiology

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The thyroid gland mass norm for a newborn child is five grams. Together with the growth of the child's body, the gland also develops. By the transitional age, it already weighs about 14 g. After the end of the growing up period, the formed organ has dimensions of 2x2x4 cm, while its weight is 25-40 grams. Later, during aging, the thyroid gland decreases due to atrophy.

Thyroid parameters are individual. There are only approximate norms that are based on when diagnosing. For women, it is possible to change the parameters of the organ where the body's main supply of iodine is located. Men have more iron, but its size is stable. A healthy organ looks invisible.

Organ structure

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Thyroid dysfunction is not uncommon. Diseases manifest themselves as a lack or excess of hormones produced by the gland. It is possible that the activity of the parts of the brain that are responsible for the production of hormones is disrupted. Thyroid hormones can also malfunction in tissues.

The causes of such disorders can be:

  • excess iodine in the body;
  • violation of the processes of iodine absorption (associated with diseases of the liver, gastrointestinal tract);
  • congenital gland pathology;
  • iodine deficiency in the body;
  • lack of hormones produced by the brain that affect the work of the gland;
  • autoimmune conditions.

Especially for the detection of diseases of this organ, there is a comprehensive analysis of the amount of thyroid hormones. Diagnostics requires special training.

Indications for examination

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Diagnosis of the thyroid gland is carried out after taking anamnesis, in the direction of the endocrinologist. The patient complains of rapid fatigue, irritability, decreased alertness, memory. There is often a thickening in the front of the neck. It is also called goiter.

There are also problems with weight change (gaining or losing weight quickly), fragility and hair loss. In some cases, there is muscle tremor of the limbs, pain.

Women are characterized by a failure of the menstrual cycle, general weakness, pallor of the skin. All of these symptoms are not necessarily signs of endocrine disease, but they require additional testing.

Assuming that the gland is not working properly, the doctor prescribes a specific analysis of thyroid hormones in each case.

The indications for blood sampling are:

  1. change in the size of the organ;
  2. heart rhythm disturbances without detected problems of the cardiovascular system;
  3. menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea;
  4. impotence;
  5. rapid baldness;
  6. mental retardation
  7. development in a child;
  8. infertility.

Any of these signs is a direct indication for a thorough examination. Perhaps the appointment of an analysis of thyroid hormones without special indications, since the disease may be in a latent phase, not manifest itself. The doctor suggests a diagnosis, determines which thyroid hormones need to be taken.

With the timely detection of a problem, it is possible to start treatment at an early stage. This approach increases the chances of a successful recovery.

Hormones types, norms of indicators for the thyroid gland

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The thyroid gland produces a number of hormones. They are indispensable for life, with a change in the amount of hormone produced, a change in the body follows. The quality of life is decreasing.

When examining the thyroid gland, the norms differ depending on the analyzer used to obtain the results. Modern clinics in Moscow use the latest generation analyzers that give the most accurate results. Reagents that interact with blood can also make some difference in diagnosis. However, there are generally accepted norms that doctors all over the world adhere to.

Different test results can be the norm for women and men. Accordingly, when diagnosing a child, lower norms are established.

An analysis of the amount of thyroid hormones that a child needs to take is prescribed by an endocrinologist who specializes in childhood diseases.

Thyroid hormones

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Thyroid hums of the thyroid gland are produced directly by the gland. Distinguish between T3 and T4. Triiodothyronine (T3) regulates energy metabolism, even at rest.

The generally accepted rate of this hormone is 2.62-5.69 pmol / l. It is a free hormone, so the likelihood of laboratory error when analyzing it is very small. If a deviation is detected, then the person has serious problems.

Thyroxine (T4) is essential for the thyroid gland. It participates in the synthesis of amino acids in cells, accelerates catabolism. Its amount is 90% of all hormones produced by the gland. Almost all the iodine received by the body goes to the production of thyroxine.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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This hubbub is not produced by the gland, it originates in the pituitary gland. He is responsible for the correct functioning of the gland. Heading through the blood, TSH affects the receptor area and causes either an increase in the production of hormones or a decrease in the excessive activity of the gland.

When TSH is normal, then we can talk about the normal functioning of the gland. Since it can be considered the main hormone, it gives up in all cases. For this hormone, the norm is 0.4-4.0 μIU / ml.

Antibodies

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When diagnosing the thyroid gland, the doctor also looks at antibodies. They are also important as thyroid hormones. There are three types of antibodies. These are antibodies to receptors, thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase. They are all important for correct diagnosis. So, for example, antibodies to receptors show the presence of Graves' disease, determine the likelihood of a positive outcome of treatment. The norms of these indicators differ in different laboratories. Allowed from 0 to 50 IU / L.

A high level of antibodies in a pregnant woman may occur in the first trimester. It indicates a greater likelihood of postpartum complications from the endocrine system.

Among other things, you may need to check the level of calcitonin.

Preparation for the examination

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After the doctor has written an appointment for which thyroid hormones should be tested, some preparation should be done. An analysis for hormones may show an incorrect result if some conditions are not met.

A month before the expected analysis, you need to stop taking any medications that contain thyroid hormones. The analysis will be unreliable. If this is not possible, you should warn your doctor about it.

Foods containing iodine should not be eaten several days before blood sampling. It is necessary to give up seaweed, spinach, do not take fish oil. This can also affect the diagnostic result, distort the picture of the disease. There are other food restrictions as well. Before surrendering, you must limit fatty, salty foods, alcohol and sweets.

The day before the diagnosis, you need to limit physical activity, exclude sex. You shouldn't visit the bathhouse. It is best to increase the hours of rest, the required minimum of sleep is 8 hours. It is important to know in advance the conditions for taking blood for hormones. Some laboratories do not recommend eating twelve hours before the procedure.

It is not difficult to pass the analysis. For diagnosis, blood is taken from a vein. If all the conditions are met, the analysis will be the most reliable, the attending physician will be able to correctly establish the diagnosis.

Diagnostic results

The interpretation of the results obtained is made by the attending endocrinologist. Some diseases are characterized by an increase in some indicators and a simultaneous decrease in others. A woman is more susceptible to changes in hormonal levels.

Often, when examining the thyroid gland, additional tests for female hormones may be required to check for general changes in the functioning of the endocrine system. Only by looking at the general picture of the disease, the doctor will be able to diagnose the disease.

Hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid function), for example, is manifested by low levels of T3, T4, with a relative norm of TSH. At the same time, the opposite case - a high level of TSH with low T3, T4 thyrotoxicosis is diagnosed. Each indicator is important and adds clarity to the clinical picture. Some options clearly indicate a laboratory error, for example, with normal TSH levels and a decrease in T4 only.

Additional types of diagnostics

Even having correctly determined whether it is necessary to take tests to diagnose the thyroid gland, and which ones, is not the only option for finding a problem. Often the patient is prescribed an ultrasound scan. This examination shows the presence of neoplasms, analyzes the change in the size of each individual lobe of the gland.

The front surface of the neck is covered with a special substance, a gel, after which the doctor drives a device in the area of the gland that emits high-frequency waves. Analyzing the picture on the monitor, one can draw conclusions about the state of the thyroid gland.

This procedure does not cause discomfort and is very quick. Held any day.

The role of the thyroid gland in human life can hardly be overestimated. By participating in the metabolism, it supports all the basic functions of a person. Minor deviations lead to formidable health problems that are difficult to fix.

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