Treatment Of Dysentery In Adults At Home

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Treatment Of Dysentery In Adults At Home
Treatment Of Dysentery In Adults At Home

Video: Treatment Of Dysentery In Adults At Home

Video: Treatment Of Dysentery In Adults At Home
Video: How To Cure Diarrhea | Two Natural Home Remedies | Home Remedies With Upasana 2024, March
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Dysentery treatment. Dysentery is an infectious disease that leads to fever, upset stools, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, and general malaise. The causative agent of dysentery is shigella, dysentery bacillus. It can enter the human body through unwashed hands, contaminated food or water. Diagnosis of dysentery is based on examination of the patient and laboratory tests.

The content of the article:

  • 1 Nature, development and distribution of dysentery
  • 2 Causes of dysentery
  • 3 Manifestations of dysentery

    • 3.1 Mild dysentery
    • 3.2 Moderate form
    • 3.3 Severe form
  • 4 Stool for dysentery
  • 5 Diagnosis of dysentery

    • 5.1 Medicines
    • 5.2 Folk remedies
    • 5.3 Medicinal herbs
  • 6 How to distinguish symptoms of dysentery from other stomach disorders

    • 6.1 Amoebiasis
    • 6.2 Toxic infections in food, salmonellosis
    • 6.3 Typhoid fever
    • 6.4 Cholera
    • 6.5 Colitis
    • 6.6 Colon cancer
    • 6.7 Hemorrhoids
  • 7 Treatment of dysentery
  • 8 Prevention of dysentery in adults

The nature, development and distribution of dysentery

The causative agent of dysentery is the dysentery bacillus - Shigella, named after the researcher who isolated it in a pure culture. There are several variants of Shigella, however, in the European territory of our country, two species prevail - Flexner and Sonne, and in the southern regions - only Flexner.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

Shigella is characterized by pronounced variability, as a result of which antibiotic-resistant variants arise. Shigella enter the child's body through the mouth through infected water, food or dirty hands, pass through the entire gastrointestinal tract and are fixed on the mucous membrane of its distal parts (more often in the sigmoid colon).

There Shigella multiply and secrete a toxin that affects all tissues, but primarily on nerve cells and fibers. All subsequent disturbances in the body are associated with the action of the toxin. In the final section of the large intestine, inflammation first occurs, then ulcers form, then the stage of their healing and removal of shigella from the body begins.

The source of infection is a patient with acute or chronic dysentery and a carrier of bacteria. As with all intestinal infections, the transmission mechanism is fecal-oral. Shigella can be spread using contaminated water, contaminated food, flies are of great importance, which are able to carry a large number of microorganisms on their paws.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

Old doctors called dysentery "the disease of dirty hands," which is quite right. Moreover, this route of transmission is typical just for young children, and in older children, the food route of infection is more common (recently, there are often cases of infection when eating sour cream).

There was a significant increase in the incidence of dysentery in July - October, with the maximum disease occurring in July - August. In infants, the peak is shifted by about a month, and the maximum cases of dysentery among them occur in September. Isolated cases can be observed all year round.

Dysentery causes

Dysentery is transmitted only from a person through food contaminated with feces, water, and also through contact.

Dysentery treatment. The source of the causative agent of infection in dysentery are patients, as well as bacteria carriers that excrete Shigella into the external environment with feces. Dysentery patients are contagious from the onset of the disease. The duration of excretion of the pathogen by patients, as a rule, does not exceed a week, but it can take up to 2-3 weeks. The greatest sensitivity to infection in persons with blood group A (II).

The leading factor in the development of the disease is the entry of bacterial poisons into the blood. First of all, the nervous system, as well as the cardiovascular system, adrenal glands and digestive organs are affected.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

Shigella can be in the stomach from several hours to several days (in rare cases). Having overcome the acid barrier of the stomach, Shigella enter the intestines. In the small intestine, they attach to the intestinal cells and release a toxin that causes increased secretion of fluid and salts into the intestinal lumen.

Shigella actively move, causing an inflammatory process in the small intestine, which is maintained and aggravated by the action of the toxin produced by the shigella. Shigella toxin enters the bloodstream and causes the development of intoxication.

Shigella enter the colon a little later, but massively. This leads to a more significant effect of toxins.

Dysentery treatment. Recovery from dysentery is usually accompanied by the release of the organism from the pathogen. However, if the immune system is insufficient, cleansing the body from the pathogen is delayed up to 1 month or more. Carriage is formed, and in some of those who have been ill, the disease acquires a chronic course.

After a disease, a short-term immunity is formed.

The incubation period is 1-7 (on average 2-3) days, but can be reduced to 2-12 hours.

The form, variant and severity of the course of dysentery depend on the routes and methods of infection, the number of microbes that have entered the body, the level of the body's immunity.

Manifestations of dysentery

The disease begins quickly. At the beginning, a general intoxication syndrome develops, characterized by an increase in body temperature, chills, a feeling of heat, weakness, decreased appetite, headache, and decreased blood pressure.

The defeat of the gastrointestinal tract is manifested by pain in the abdomen, at first dull, spread throughout the abdomen, of a constant nature. Then they become more acute, cramping, localized in the lower abdomen, often on the left. Pain usually worsens before bowel movement.

Mild dysentery

Dysentery treatment. With a mild course of the disease, the fever is short-lived, from several hours to 1-2 days, the body temperature, as a rule, rises to 38 ° C.

Patients are worried about moderate abdominal pain, mainly before the act of bowel movement.

The stool has a mushy or semi-liquid consistency, the frequency of bowel movements is up to 10 times a day, the admixture of mucus and blood is not visible. Intoxication and diarrhea persist for 1-3 days. Full recovery occurs in 2-3 weeks.

Moderate form

The onset of this form of dysentery is rapid. The body temperature with chills rises to 38 ~ 39 ° C and remains at this level from several hours to 2-4 days.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

Patients are worried about general weakness, headache, dizziness, lack of appetite. Intestinal disorders, as a rule, join in the next 2-3 hours from the onset of the disease.

Patients have periodic cramping pains in the lower abdomen, frequent false urge to defecate, a feeling of incompleteness of the act of defecation. Stool frequency reaches 10-20 times a day. Stool scanty, often consisting of one mucus streaked with blood.

There is increased irritability, pallor of the skin. The tongue is covered with a thick white coating, dryish. Intoxication and diarrhea last from 2 to 4-5 days. Complete healing of the intestinal mucosa and normalization of all body functions occur not earlier than 1-1.5 months.

Severe form

Dysentery treatment. The severe course of dysentery is characterized by a very rapid development of the disease, pronounced intoxication, deep disturbances in the activity of the cardiovascular system.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

The disease starts very quickly. The body temperature with chills quickly rises to 40 ° C and above, patients complain of severe headache, severe general weakness, increased chilliness, especially in the extremities, dizziness when getting out of bed, complete lack of appetite.

Nausea, vomiting, and hiccups often appear. Patients are worried about abdominal pain, accompanied by frequent urge to defecate and urinate. Stool more than 20 times a day, often the number of bowel movements is difficult to count ("stool without counting"). The height of the disease lasts 5-10 days. Recovery occurs slowly, up to 3-4 weeks, complete normalization of the intestinal mucosa occurs after 2 months or more.

Stool with dysentery

Dysentery treatment. A characteristic feature of dysentery is stool with a bloody and mucous component. The vital activity of Shiggel bacteria that have entered the gastrointestinal tract is accompanied by disturbances in the work and anatomical lesions of the intestines, leading to the appearance of bloody impurities in the patient's feces. The bacteria then decompose, releasing toxic substances.

Different strains of shiggel have different degrees of toxin formation. Goblet cells of the intestinal mucosa begin to vigorously secrete mucus in order to protect it from irritating factors. This process is regulated by the nervous system, therefore, the stronger the intoxication, the more pathological mucous impurities in the stool of the infected.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

The amount of blood impurity in the patient's feces is not the same and depends on the general condition of the infected person, the form, severity and stage of dysentery. Depending on the above factors, the stool may have a liquid (acute) or semi-liquid consistency with blood streaks. It may have the character of rectal spitting and resemble a smear of purulent thick cloudy mucus.

With a severe course of the disease (continuous form of dysentery), a mucous exudate with an abundant amount of blood is released, so the stool is without feces and resembles a bloody mess.

The feces of the patient contain millions of bacteria, so the infected person is a "reservoir of Shigella" and a potential spread of bacilli. It does not matter in what form and severity the disease proceeds.

Chronic dysentery in this sense is a great danger, since it has a long-term nature. In addition, during asymptomatic periods, the patient continues to visit public places and, perhaps without knowing it, spreads the infection.

It should be understood that even such a seemingly harmless bowel dysfunction, such as diarrhea, can pose a serious threat to health and cause serious consequences.

Diagnosis of dysentery

The diagnosis is based on the results of the examination of the patient. Of great diagnostic value is the examination of feces, in which an admixture of mucus streaked with blood can be detected.

Dysentery treatment. Laboratory confirmation of dysentery is carried out by bacteriological and serological methods. The bacteriological method (sowing Shigella from feces) with a 3-fold examination provides confirmation of the diagnosis in 40-60% of patients.

Accelerated diagnosis of acute intestinal diarrheal infections can be carried out by detecting antigens of pathogens and their toxins in biosubstrates - saliva, urine, feces, blood.

For this purpose, immunological methods are used that have high sensitivity and specificity: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), latex agglutination reaction (RAL), coagglutination reaction (RCA), immunofluorescence (RIF), polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Medicines

For the treatment of dysentery, antibacterial drugs are mainly used, since the disease is caused by a bacteriological infection. Medicines include:

  • chloramphenicol;
  • derivatives of nitrofuran; sulfonamides;
  • fluoroquinolones;
  • aminoglycosides.

If the patient has severe dehydration, then he is prescribed droppers with saline and colloidal solutions.

Dysentery treatment. After the focus of the disease is eliminated, the patient can take medications to restore the intestinal microflora, vitamins, immunomodulators and others. And in order to quickly restore the damaged intestinal mucosa, you can use:

  • sea buckthorn oil;
  • microclysters with fish oil;
  • candles with methyluracil.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies are not often used to treat dysentery, since treatment in a hospital is much more reliable. However, when treating a mild infection, it is fashionable to use the following techniques.

Black bread with vodka, fried to the state of coal, is mixed with vodka or red dry wine. The resulting drink is drunk immediately after preparation.

If you are dehydrated, you can use a saline solution by mouth. For a liter of boiled water, you will need two tablespoons of sugar and a tablespoon of salt. All components are mixed and drunk by a person during the day.

You can take a teaspoon of burdock juice three times a day. Such a remedy helps to treat dysentery.

Blackberry tea also helps with disease. The berries are boiled, and the resulting liquid is decanted and drunk like tea during the day.

Some people use potato starch to fight the disease. In half a liter of cool water, 50 g of starch are diluted. The liquid is drunk completely at a time.

Medicinal herbs

It is possible to use medicinal herbs for the treatment of dysentery only after consulting a doctor.

Horse sorrel is often used to treat the intestines. A dry plant is poured with boiling water and this drink is used as tea. It helps relieve intestinal inflammation.

A mixture of:

  • oak bark;
  • St. John's wort;
  • chamomile;
  • knotweed.

All herbs should be taken in the same amount. Pour a spoonful of the mixture with a liter of boiling water. The infusion is cooled and taken during the day.

They also use a collection of wild rosemary and marshmallow. 10 g of wild rosemary flowers are mixed with 25 g of marshmallow roots. The mixture is poured with a liter of boiling water and insisted for an hour. The resulting drink is taken in a spoonful every two hours.

How to distinguish symptoms of dysentery from other stomach disorders

Dysentery treatment. Dysentery must be distinguished from other intestinal infections or non-infectious intestinal diseases, such as:

Amebiasis

Symptoms of amebiasis differ from infectious dysentery in a characteristic chronic process without a noticeable change in temperature. Defecation preserves the appearance of feces, however, blood and mucus mix evenly, in which amoebas, the causative agents of the disease, are found.

Toxic infections in food, salmonellosis

These diseases begin with frequent vomiting, chills, pain in the stomach. Food poisoning does not affect the large intestine, and therefore there is no spastic pain in the left iliac region, and there is no false urge to empty the bowel.

With salmonellosis, feces of a greenish tint, or as they say, look like a swamp mud.

Typhoid fever

The course of the disease is characterized by spastic colitis, sometimes the large intestine, fever for a long period of time and roseola rash can be affected.

Cholera

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

The disease occurs in the absence of symptoms of spastic colitis. Cholera manifests itself at the initial stage of severe vomiting, diarrhea, feces look like rice water, and there is no high body temperature, false urge to defecate and pain in the abdomen.

However, cholera is characterized by a rapid increase in dehydration symptoms, which can subsequently lead to a serious condition of the patient's body.

Colitis

This disease is of non-infectious origin.

Colitis occurs with chemical intoxication, and this poisoning also accompanies diseases such as cholecystitis, hypoacid gastritis, pathology of the small intestine, uremia.

This colitis does not depend on the season, is associated with dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract and is not contagious.

Colon cancer

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

Rectal cancer is characterized by symptoms of poisoning at the stage of tumor disintegration and excretion of feces with blood. Oncological diseases do not show an acute nature of the course, however, there are metastases in individual organs or lymph nodes.

Hemorrhoids

The disease is especially excreted by bloody feces, without inflammation in the colon. With hemorrhoids, at the end of the act of emptying the intestines, blood is added to the feces.

Dysentery treatment

Treatment of patients with dysentery should be comprehensive and strictly individualized. Bed rest is necessary, as a rule, only for patients with severe forms of the disease. Patients with moderate forms are allowed to go to the toilet. Patients with mild forms are prescribed a ward regime and physiotherapy exercises.

One of the most important components in the complex therapy of intestinal patients is nutritional therapy. In the acute period with significant intestinal disorders, table number 4 is prescribed; with an improvement in their condition, a decrease in intestinal dysfunction and the appearance of appetite, patients are transferred to table No. 2, and 2-3 days before discharge from the hospital - to a common table.

It is necessary to prescribe an antibacterial drug to the patient taking into account the information about the "territorial landscape of drug resistance", i.e. sensitivity to it shigella, allocated from patients in the area in recent years. Combinations of two or more antibiotics (chemotherapy drugs) are prescribed only in severe cases.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

Dysentery treatment. The duration of the course of treatment for dysentery is determined by the improvement in the patient's condition, the normalization of body temperature, and a decrease in intestinal disorders.

With a moderate form of dysentery, the course of therapy can be limited to 3-4 days, with a severe form - 4-5 days. Mild bowel dysfunction that persists during the early recovery period (mushy stools up to 2-3 times a day, moderate flatulence) should not serve as a reason for continuing antibacterial treatment.

Patients with mild dysentery in the midst of a disease that occurs with an admixture of mucus and blood in the stool are prescribed one of the following drugs:

  • nitrofurans (furazolidone, furadonin 0.1 g 4 times a day,
  • ersefuril (nifuroxazide) 0.2 g 4 times a day),
  • cotrimoxazole 2 tablets 2 times a day,
  • oxyquinolines (nitroxoline 0.1 g 4 times a day, intrix 1-2 tablets 3 times a day).

With a moderate course of dysentery, drugs of the fluoroquinolone group are prescribed:

  • ofloxacin 0.2 g 2 times a day or ciprofloxacin 0.25 g 2 times a day;
  • cotrimoxazole 2 tablets 2 times a day;
  • intetrix 2 tablets 3 times a day.

In severe dysentery, appoint

  • ofloxacin 0.4 g 2 times a day or ciprofloxacin 0.5 g 2 times a day;
  • fluoroquinolones in combination with aminoglycosides;
  • aminoglycosides in combination with cephalosporins.

For Flexner's and Sonne's dysentery, a polyvalent dysentery bacteriophage is prescribed. The drug is available in liquid form and in acid-resistant tablets. Take 30-40 ml 3 times a day or 2-3 tablets 3 times a day 1 hour before meals.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

With a mild course of dysentery, compensation for fluid losses is carried out at the expense of one of the ready-made formulations (citroglucosalan, rehydron, gastrolit, etc.). These solutions are given to drink in small portions. The amount of liquid drunk should be 1.5 times higher than its loss with feces and urine.

Patients with a moderate form of diarrhea are advised to drink plenty of sweet tea or 5% glucose solution, or one of the ready-made solutions (citroglucosalan, rehydron, gastrolitis, etc.) up to 2-4 l / day.

Dysentery treatment. In case of severe intoxication, intravenous drip infusion of a 10% solution of albumin, hemodez and other crystalloid solutions (trisol, lactasol, acesol, chlosal), 5-10% glucose solution with insulin is indicated. In most cases, the introduction of 1000-1500 ml of one or two of these solutions is sufficient to achieve a significant improvement in the patient's condition.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

To bind and remove toxin from the intestine, one of the enterosorbents is prescribed - Polyphepan 1 tablespoon 3 times a day, activated carbon 15-20 g 3 times a day, enterodesis 5 g 3 times a day, Polysorb MP 3 g 3 times per day, smecta 1 sachet 3 times a day or others.

To bind and remove the toxin from the intestines, one of the enterosorbents is prescribed - Polyphepan, 1 tablespoon 3 times a day

To neutralize toxins, enzyme preparations are used: pancreatin, panzinorm in combination with calcium preparations.

In the acute period of diarrhea, to eliminate spasm of the colon, the use of:

  • drotaverine hydrochloride (no-shpa) 0.04 g 3 times a day,
  • papaverine hydrochloride 0.02 g 3 times a day.

With a significant pain syndrome, no-shpa is prescribed, 2 ml of a 2% solution intramuscularly or 1-2 ml of a 0.2% solution of platifillin hydrotartrate subcutaneously.

During the entire period of treatment, patients are prescribed a complex of vitamins.

Symptoms and treatment of dysentery
Symptoms and treatment of dysentery

In order to correct the intestinal biocenosis, biosporin, bactisporin, bactisubtil, flonivin-BS are prescribed, 2 doses 2 times a day for 5-7 days. When choosing a drug, preference should be given to modern complex drugs - linex, bifidumbacterin-forte, Vitaflor, etc. The drugs are prescribed in a standard dosage.

Dysentery treatment. With good tolerance during the recovery period, fermented milk therapeutic-dietary bifido- and lactose-containing products are shown, which have high therapeutic efficacy.

Treatment of patients with chronic dysentery (recurrent and continuous) is carried out in an infectious diseases hospital. Treatment includes:

  • fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin 0.5 g 2 times a day or ofloxacin 0.2 g 2 times a day for 7 days;
  • immunotherapy depending on the state of immunity - thymalin, thymogen, levamisole, dibazol, etc.;
  • panzinorm, festal, pancreatin, pepsin, etc.;
  • increased daily doses of vitamins;
  • treatment of concomitant diseases, helminthic and protozoal intestinal invasions;
  • to restore the intestinal biocenosis, biosporin, bactisporin, linex, bifidumbacterin-forte, vitaflor, lactobacterin are prescribed; these drugs are prescribed in a standard dosage for 2 weeks after etiotropic therapy, simultaneously with pathogenetic agents.

The prognosis for the treatment of patients with dysentery is usually favorable.

Prevention of dysentery in adults

Dysentery treatment. Those who have had acute dysentery are discharged from the hospital not earlier than 3 days after clinical recovery (normalization of body temperature, stool, disappearance of signs of intoxication, abdominal pain, spasm and soreness of the intestine), in the absence of pathological changes in laboratory studies. Chemoprophylaxis in contact with patients is not performed.

Find out more:

  • Dysentery - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
  • Symptoms of dysentery. Causes, diagnosis and treatment
  • Dysentery vaccination for adults - indications for vaccination

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