Feces For Analysis: Coprogram, Helicobacter, Dysbiosis, Rotavirus

Table of contents:

Feces For Analysis: Coprogram, Helicobacter, Dysbiosis, Rotavirus
Feces For Analysis: Coprogram, Helicobacter, Dysbiosis, Rotavirus

Video: Feces For Analysis: Coprogram, Helicobacter, Dysbiosis, Rotavirus

Video: Feces For Analysis: Coprogram, Helicobacter, Dysbiosis, Rotavirus
Video: The Importance of Dysbiosis in the Upper GI Tract 2024, March
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Feces for analysis is a conservative way to check the condition of the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. There are several types of feces analysis, the method for diagnosing fecal masses is selected taking into account the purpose of the study, which is individual for each person. Today we will talk about how to donate feces for analysis.

The content of the article:

  • 1 How to collect feces for analysis
  • 2 How to collect stool in a plastic container
  • 3 How to collect feces on a special glass slide
  • 4 What is Coptogram
  • 5 Preparing for the delivery of the coprogram
  • 6 How to properly collect feces for a coptogram
  • 7 How to take a stool test for Helicobacter pylori
  • 8 Rules for the delivery of feces for dysbiosis
  • 9 How to properly collect feces for rotavirus
  • 10 How to correctly collect feces for analysis for helminth eggs
  • 11 How to get a fecal occult blood test
  • 12 How to take a feces analysis for a disgroup
  • 13 Stool test for trypsin
  • 14 feces for opportunistic microflora
  • 15 Stool analysis for pancreatic elastase
  • 16 When not to collect feces

How to collect feces for analysis

How to donate feces
How to donate feces

For almost all analyzes, feces are collected in the same way (with minor clarifications for some analyzes).

Feces are collected in a dry, clean glass jar with a lid or in a special container from a pharmacy. If you bought a container for stool analysis from a pharmacy, there is a special plastic spoon for collecting material.

For the child, feces are collected from a pot, from a diaper or diaper, immediately after the act of defecation. Adults from a carefully sanitized vessel or toilet. For the analysis, you need a small amount of feces -1-2 teaspoons.

It is best to take your morning feces for analysis. But if this is not possible. You can collect stool in the evening and store it in a tightly sealed jar or container for no longer than twelve hours on the bottom shelf in the refrigerator.

How to collect stool in a plastic container

How to donate feces
How to donate feces

A plastic test tube with a lid, which has a long stick with cotton at the end (this is a ready-made container with a material for collecting material).

How to properly collect feces in a plastic container:

  • put on gloves;
  • open the test tube and get a stick with a cotton swab;
  • spread the buttocks, and hold (rub) the tip of a stick with a cotton swab over the skin around the anus;
  • carefully, without touching any surfaces, lower the stick back into the test tube;
  • close the lid tightly.

How to collect feces on a special glass slide

You can also use a glass slide to collect feces.

How to donate feces
How to donate feces

Sequencing:

  • put on gloves;
  • carefully peel off the adhesive tape (we try not to touch the glass surface from which we peeled off the adhesive tape);
  • spread the buttocks and stick the duct tape on the skin of the anus and surrounding areas. (stick on for 1-2 seconds);
  • carefully peel it off the skin and glue it back on the slide to the same place where the tape was. (Do not touch the adhesive surface of the tape.)

What is Coptogram

Coprogram (sometimes called general fecal analysis) is one of the laboratory methods for examining fecal masses, widely used in medicine to assess the function and diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

This analysis is very informative, it helps to assess the motor and enzymatic function of the intestine, the state of the microflora, to suspect the inflammatory process and oncological diseases, and to detect helminths.

The main advantages of this analysis are its high information content, ease of execution, and most importantly, accessibility. Due to the immaturity of the digestive system, the coprogram in children has its own characteristics, therefore, the age of the patient must be indicated on the container with the material for research.

According to the coprogram, you can evaluate:

  • the presence of bile pigments in the feces. Stercobilin should be present normally;
  • how well the digestive glands work is determined by the number of crosses opposite muscle fibers, starch, neutral fat, fatty acids, and digestible fiber. The more plus signs opposite each of these names, the worse the food is digested;
  • whether or not there is inflammation in the intestine. Indicators that there is inflammation are the presence of pathological impurities in the feces: mucus, blood, pus - they are indicated by plus signs if they are. Normally, they are not in the feces. The presence of a large number of leukocytes in the feces analysis (normally they are single); the presence in the analysis of feces - erythrocytes. Normally, they are absent.

    Intestinal epithelium - should not be normal.

  • whether or not there are parasites and their eggs in the intestines, normally neither one nor the other should be in the feces.

The coprogram can be affected by medications: enzyme preparations and antibiotics. The doctor who prescribes the test and then evaluates the result should know that you are taking these medications.

It is not always necessary to cancel the medication for the analysis, sometimes it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on the results of the analysis of feces.

You should not stop medication on your own before taking this test, you should consult your doctor about this. The analysis is usually ready the next day.

Preparing for the delivery of a coprogram

Coprogram (sometimes called general fecal analysis) is one of the laboratory methods for examining fecal masses, widely used in medicine to assess the function and diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

How to donate feces
How to donate feces

Before passing the coprogram, you must follow the rules:

  • you should not change your usual diet;
  • 2 days before collecting the material, it is necessary to refuse products that can change the color of the feces (beets, tomatoes, broccoli, asparagus, leafy vegetables, blueberries, cherries, prunes, etc.);
  • stop taking anti-inflammatory, enzyme, antibacterial drugs, as well as those that affect the motor function of the intestine and the absorption of nutrients, at least 3 days in advance;
  • the analysis is submitted no earlier than 3 days after the X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract with contrast agents;
  • it is not recommended to collect feces for analysis during menstruation, with bleeding from hemorrhoids or anal fissures, since blood can get into the feces;
  • the stool must be natural, you can not resort to the use of laxatives, suppositories and enemas;
  • before taking the analysis, you should warn the doctor about recent trips abroad, especially to exotic countries.

How to properly collect feces for a coptogram

The sooner this container is delivered to the laboratory, the more reliable the result will be. It can be stored for no more than 12 hours; in the future, the material becomes unsuitable for research.

How to donate feces
How to donate feces

Feces for coprogram must be collected correctly:

  • before collecting feces, you need to urinate so that urine does not get into the material for analysis, and perform a toilet of the perineum and anus area with running water and soap;
  • then you need to empty the intestines into a dry, clean container, from which 1-2 teaspoons of feces must be transferred to a special container for collecting tests;
  • the container must be tightly closed, signed with the name and age of the patient, as well as the date and time of collection of the analysis.

How to get a stool test for Helicobacter pylori

In addition to observing the technical aspects of collecting material for analysis, for several days before the delivery of feces, the following recommendations must be observed: stop taking antibiotics a week before delivery; for three days, do not consume alcohol, food with a high fiber content, and also capable of leading to the color of feces: beets, drinks with dyes; do not use rectally suppositories or ointments, do not use laxatives.

How to donate feces
How to donate feces

Feces for research must be correctly collected:

  • after defecation, part of the fecal matter must be placed in a sterile container for collecting biological material, which must be purchased in advance at a pharmacy or laboratory;
  • exclude the ingress of blood, urine, saliva, pus and other impurities into the biological material, which are likely to distort the analysis results;
  • the container with the contents must be tightly closed and delivered to the laboratory no later than 4-5 hours before the study.

The informative value of the diagnostic test depends not only on the chosen study, the quality of the equipment and the qualifications of the staff, but also on how the patient prepared for the analysis. Compliance with the above rules will allow the doctor of laboratory diagnostics to assess the patient's health as accurately as possible and draw the correct conclusions during the analysis.

Rules for the delivery of feces for dysbiosis

Material (feces) for intestinal dysbiosis is collected before starting treatment with antibacterial and chemotherapeutic drugs. For research, freshly excreted feces are collected.

3 - 4 days before the study, stop taking laxatives, castor and petroleum jelly and stop the administration of rectal suppositories. Feces obtained after an enema, as well as after taking barium (during an X-ray examination), is unsuitable for research.

Before collecting the analysis, urinate in the toilet, then, by natural defecation, collect the stool in a bed vessel (make sure that no urine gets into). The bedpan is pre-treated with any disinfectant, rinsed thoroughly with running water several times and rinsed with boiling water.

The feces are collected in a clean, disposable container with a screw cap and a spoon (available from any medical office) in an amount of no more than 1/3 of the container's volume.

The material is delivered to the laboratory within 3 hours from the moment of collection of the analysis. It is advisable to keep the material in the cold for the specified time (for this, you can use a refrigeration bag or cover the container with ice cubes prepared in advance).

On the container, you must indicate your name, initials, date of birth, date and time of collection of the material, the entry must be made in legible handwriting. The referral form must indicate the diagnosis and the date of onset of the disease, information about the antibiotic intake. When taking material, sterility must be observed.

It is necessary to comply with the conditions for collecting feces for dysbiosis:

  • freezing is not allowed;
  • long-term storage is not allowed (more than 5 - 6 hours);
  • no transport media other than the one indicated are suitable;
  • a loosely closed container is not allowed;
  • the biomaterial collected the day before is not subject to research.

If possible, the collection of material for the study should be carried out before the appointment of antibiotics (if not possible, then not earlier than 12 hours after the drug is discontinued).

How to properly collect feces for rotavirus

Known as "intestinal flu", rotavirus infection is a very common, extremely contagious and rather dangerous disease. At risk are all those with weakened immunity - children, pregnant women, the elderly.

How to donate feces
How to donate feces

Even if you do not belong to them, do not think that the virus is not dangerous for you. The fact is that such universal disinfectants as bleach, for example, do not pose any threat to him at all.

Therefore, it is transmitted by airborne droplets, and with water, and with poorly washed fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the timely detection of infection, by passing a stool test for rotavirus, and treatment is a guarantee not only of your health, but also the well-being of others.

Remember that the disease manifests itself almost instantly after the infection enters the body - after 12 hours. And it manifests itself very violently: loose and frequent stools, vomiting, increased body temperature. To exclude other diseases and prescribe the correct treatment, you need to take a stool test for rotavirus as soon as possible.

Since the analysis is often prescribed when all the signs of illness or, at least, ailment are present, no special preparation is required. The rules are simple: the biomaterial must be collected in a sterile container, a few grams will be enough, after which it must be delivered to the laboratory within 3 hours.

Rotavirus should not normally be detected. Otherwise, the doctor will immediately prescribe treatment for you in order to start the healing process as soon as possible, fight the infection and prevent dehydration, which is fraught with the greatest danger, against the background of fever and frequent bowel movements or vomiting.

If you or your health care provider suspects that you or your child has rotavirus infection, try to get a rotavirus fecal test done as soon as possible. This can be done by bringing the material to any convenient department of the Zdorovya clinic. The result and its decryption will be ready the next day.

How to properly collect feces for analysis for helminth eggs

In fact, there should not be any specific preparations before taking a feces analysis for helminth eggs.

Analysis preparation rules:

  • urinate before collecting material so that urine does not enter the feces;
  • you need to take a clean, dry container where bowel movements will be carried out;
  • from the material obtained, it is necessary to take 8-10 cm3 (~ 2 teaspoons). Feces are collected using a special "spoon" which is built into the lid of a special container, which should be given to you to collect feces;
  • feces for analysis are collected from different parts of the feces (top, sides, inside);
  • the material (feces) is placed in a container given to you, and is tightly closed;
  • it is necessary to sign the container (your name and surname, the date of collection of the analysis).

To obtain the most accurate data, it is strongly recommended to donate feces for analysis for helminth eggs within 30-45 minutes after defecation. Stores can be stored for 5-8 hours in a refrigerator in a tightly closed container at a temperature of + 4 ° C - + 8 ° C. However, storage can adversely affect test results.

For the analysis, it is necessary to collect 8-10 cm3 (~ 2 teaspoons) of feces. It is recommended to take the obtained material to the laboratory as soon as possible, this will allow the most qualitative analysis and will allow you to obtain the most reliable results.

However, if you do not have the opportunity to take the material to the laboratory as soon as possible, you can store the material in a refrigerator at + 4 ° C / + 8 ° C for 8 hours. The longer the material stays in the refrigerator, the less accurate the results will be.

How to get a fecal occult blood test

It is done to detect damage to the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by bleeding. Sometimes the bleeding is not intense, but prolonged, which has a significant effect on the patient's well-being. Identifying such bleeding is not easy. The analysis of feces for occult blood can help in this.

To pass the analysis, special training is required.

3 days before collecting the analysis, it is necessary to remove fish, meat, tomatoes from the diet in order to exclude a false positive result. Normally, the test result is negative. The result is ready the next day.

How to take a feces analysis for a disgroup

He is bakseeding, he is bakanalysis. It is prescribed for acute intestinal infections to exclude or establish diagnoses: dysentery, salmonellosis, coli infection. And also appoint a contact in the detection of the listed infections in children's institutions, hospitals, maternity homes, catering units.

Analysis of feces for disgroup - aka bacseeding, aka bacanalysis.

This is sowing feces on a special nutrient medium. For inoculation, you can take the feces collected by the patient from the container or directly take a swab with a special cotton swab from the patient's anus. The analysis takes five to seven days.

Stool analysis for trypsin

This analysis determines the activity of digestive enzymes. This analysis is used to judge the activity of the enzymatic function of the pancreas.

During the delivery of this test, you should not take enzyme preparations.

For 3 days before collecting the analysis, you should stop taking enzymes. The analysis is ready the next day. The rate of analysis of feces for trypsin is 1:40 and higher (1:80, 1: 160, etc.).

Feces for opportunistic microflora

How to donate feces
How to donate feces

Reveals microflora that can normally inhabit the intestines, but sometimes it multiplies excessively and causes discomfort in the intestines, diarrhea, constipation, rash, etc.

Analysis of feces for opportunistic microflora is collected and prepared similarly to the analysis of feces for dysbiosis. The result is ready in seven to eight days.

Stool analysis for pancreatic elastase

This study is indicated when the patient has suspicions of pancreatitis, diabetes, pancreatic tumor or pancreatic injury.

After the act of natural defecation, you need to collect the material using sterile instruments - best of all, using a special container with a spoon. Make sure that no urine gets into the feces.

This can seriously skew the accuracy of the results. Close the container, approximately 1/3 full, and bring it to our laboratory on the same day for further analysis.

When not to collect feces

There are certain rules when not to collect feces. These rules must be followed for the correct diagnosis.

Feces cannot be collected:

  • after an enema, after suppositories (laxatives or medicinal);
  • mixed with urine;
  • while taking laxatives.

Whether it is possible to donate feces while taking antibiotics depends on the purpose of the study, this issue should be discussed with the doctor. Antibiotics do not affect some indicators, some radically change.

Find out more:

  • Take a stool test: how to do it right, how to collect it, where and how to take it
  • Scraping - analysis of feces for enterobiasis: how to prepare and where it is carried out
  • Analysis of feces for enterobiasis: how to prepare and take
  • Analysis of feces for dysentery: how to take, terms and methods

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